By charles kulwa n reg no 42688

Internal communication

Internal communication is an important internal branding initiative that has to be successfully implemented to ensure brands success. It is the communication within particular company

Successfully internal communication department know that communication is of a crucial importance. Kalla (2005) identified four different domains of internal communication: business communication, management

Communication, corporate communication and organizational communication. All these terms can be used as one single term- internal communication.

Welch, Jackson (2007) defined internal communication as following: the communications transactions between individuals and/ or groups at various levels and in different areas of specialization that are intended to design and redesign organizations to implement designs, and to co-ordinate day to day activities.

But Smidts et al. (2001) interpreted it as employee communication and applied to the considerations regarding employee communication with supervisors and colleagues’.

Internal communication is the communication that exists within a company, between and among employees. It is the communication that exists within a company, between and among employees. It can take many forms, such as face to face casual conversations, formal meetings, phone calls, email, memorandums and internal wikis. Communication within an organization is a key to success. Organization adaptability to external changes relies on efficient communication internally (business training)

Berger (2008) refers to internal communication as employee/organizational communication. Based on the article in the journal of strategic communication management and other internal communication publications, internal communication operates five roles: communicator, educators, change agent, communication consultant an organization strategist (Berger, 2008)

Alignment of the goals of individual employees to organizational goals is seen as an important task for internal communication. Alignment is necessary in order to build a strong organizational culture (Tkalac, Vercic et al 2012). It is not possible to perform managerial activities without using internal communication. Even though internal communication is a separate research field, in many organizations internal communication are located either in the communication or human resources department. The reason for this is that it is not seen as separate department ( Tkalac Vercic et al 2012)

Internal communication incorporates both official and unofficial communication. Official communication constitute memos guidelines, policies, procedures, whereas unofficial communication extends in all directions among line staff members, meaning exchange of ideas, opinion, development of personal relationships and proverbial conversations
Conduit (2001) is identifying main benefits if internal communication – improved productivity, reduced absenteeism, higher quality of services and products, increased level of innovation, fewer strikes and reduced costs

Internal communication should motivate employees and in a result create value for the company. Area like human resources, change management, organization development, marketing and general management, public relations, corporate strategy and corporate human resources and corporate communication are the closest perceived to internal communication.
Writing, speaking, oral presentations, gathering and analyzing data and knowledge from the internet are important skills for internal communication experts.

Also external communication is very important corporate elements. It is crucial for creating brand image and identity. Existing and potential usually have perceptions towards the corporate brand. (Cheng 2010)

Laizer Edwin n Baprm 42691

Digital Has Changed the Way we Communicate

The dynamics of communication change in cyberspace; people are more open and do not use as many filters as they would in face-to-face communications. Sometimes people share very personal things about themselves. [On the other hand] out spills rude language, harsh criticisms, anger, hatred, even threats. This feeling of over-familiarity confers undue credulity and equality on even the most pedestrian of bloggers. No one knows your credentials or lack thereof, so you are taken as seriously as everyone else.

How can businesses stand out in what is now considered to be an equal playing field where everyone and anyone can create a website or blog, and say what they want? Perhaps they can take a lesson from the way today’s celebrities, who are learning to interact with their fans in a whole new way. “Prior to computers, magazines and cinema were the sole outlets influencing your perception of beauty. Now, Stars lives are chronicled on a daily basis thanks to Twitter, blogs, online magazines and other easily attainable media, creating an almost intimate relationship between the public and the stars. While stars and celebrity fan sites may be focused on perceptions of gossip, beauty and popularity, business managers can use these very same outlets to build similar, almost intimate relationships with the consuming public.

Our Sense of Self-Identity is changing

Online capabilities allow people to take on virtually any personality or body form. There are Avatar representations of who you ‘are,’ but you can change them as you wish. This flexibility of personality makes it possible for celebrities to occupy multiple identities at once (such as Beyonce/Sasha Fierce), and for multiple people and graphics to occupy the same identity or role/function, similar to the Lara Croft, the pope, and kings.

This blurring of the individual, cultural, and societal lines makes managing and marketing even more challenging in the 21st century. McLuhan recognized how our society had changed radically with the introduction of the visual language of writing and the further widespread impact following the introduction of the printing press. Recently, we have faced another revolution of communication, the digital age. But even he might have difficulty formulating an effective approach to today’s employees, business colleagues and consumers.

Building upon the evolution from quill pen and printing press to cyberspace, what is today’s business managers to do to maneuver this revolution of technology, communication, and identity in order to appeal to their target audience? They could rely on the skills of anthropologists and ethnographers to help them understand the cultural changes in society, and their business sensibilities, advising them accordingly to adapt.

           

By charles kulwa n reg no 42688

Strategic communication

The term strategic communication’’ has become popular over the last two decades. It means infusing communication efforts with an agenda and a master plan. Typically, that master’s plan involves promoting the brand of an organization, urging people to do specific actions, or advocating particular legislation

The field of strategic communication  is broad, encompassing  professional  who create news  or want  to push  information  to the public ( public relations, public  information, marketing ) people who deliver  news and media  to the public ( journalist, audio  and video  producers, public  speakers, educators ) and  people  who study the interplay of media and society

 Strategic communication fuses the ‘’ pushing’’ and the delivering ,’’ According to Shayna Englin , who  teaches public relation and corporate  communications at Georgetown ,  ‘’ being  strategic means  communicating the best message , through  the right  channels, measured  against  well considered  organizational and  communication specific  goals. It’s the difference between doing the   right communication stuff

Depending the nature of an organization, strategic communication can range from marketing to policy. According to Emily Tynes, directors of communication for ACLU, sand co-author of a guide book for non profit,’ in the world of non profit. strategic communication is an orchestra  use of channels of  communication  to move  and influence  public  policy or to promote an agenda, by comparison, strategic communication is mainly  geared  towards the promotion  of products

Karen Green, manager of communication and outreach at the renaissance computing institute at UNC, says it’s about having a plan, not ‘’simply reacting and responding. for her, it’s  about framing  a discussion on topics and issues that are important  to my organization in a way  that  gets the organization’s name  out  there, this in turn builds the  organizations reputation  and  street credibility, as an example, with the recent explosion  at the nuclear  reaction  in Japan, since  her organization  is involved  in high end  computing , she promoted  her organizations director  to journalism  as an  expert on computer modelling  of inner working  of nuclear reactors

The importance of branding is echoed by Rena Pederson, the communication directors for the national math and science initiative. She says, strategic communications includes tactical steps like branding so that the public image is a good one, positioning yourself in all materials and media outreach to maximize your impact, all with an eye to where you want to be not just this month, but next year and five from now

Warren mason a professor of business and communication studies at Plymouth state university in New Hampshire, says that in his course, strategic communication is about dealing with issues that might jeopardized very survival and nothing to do with marketing. to Marson , it’s about  issues management and planning  to  efforts  and anticipate  problems  and crises before they occur, mission  says for example with an internal  audience, such as employees, this planning  could include planning for  a potential layoff by management or strike by employees. As to external threats, this could 

By Charles kuklwa n reg no 426

Future learning of higher education                                                                                             

The higher education landscape is undergoing significant change a result of technological innovations. They are changes in the way higher education is taught and in the way students learn. While the conversational settings of the lecture hall will continue to form the bed lock of higher education systems, it will be enhanced by the integration of new tools and pedagogies, and it will be enhanced by the integration of new tools and pedagogies, and will be completed by many more online learning opportunities and greater variety of providers in higher education

These new technologies and approaches to education are already having clear and positive impact on higher education provision. They can support efforts within the bologna processes and the European Union modernization agenda to enhance the quality and extend the reach of higher education across Europe. And they are already starting to facilitate better quality learning and teaching for both on campus and online provision, as educational resource from around the globe become more freely accessible and more interactive media for learning are employed. Methods of teaching can be better tailored to individual students needs and advance in learning analytics are enabling quicker feedback on students performance

There is enormous potential for widening access to higher education and increasing the diversity of student’s population. Online technologies provide opportunities to learn anywhere, anytime and from anyone. This flexibility is essential for non traditional learners and will enable a shift change in engagement of higher education institutions in lifelong learning and continuing professional development. This will provide an important tool to governments in ensuring a diversity of provision within higher education system to meet the needs of all learners. It also provides a platform for reach in international markets and complements existing development in cross border education

New technology cans facilitate greater collaboration, both with global partners and at a more local level. Developing education partnership is important elements of Europe strategy for cooperation with other parts of the world and also provides a mechanism for enhancing education attainment rates in emerging economies. At the local level, technologies can underpin national efforts to drive collaboration between institutions, combining expertise and delivering critical mass

The benefits are clear and Europe needs to take concerted action to ensure that the potential is fully realized. While the database on digital learning has been dominated in recent times by the MOOC phenomenon, the impact of technology can and will be much wider. Government must strongly encourage and support a greater integration of new technologies and associated pedagogical approaches in convection provision. Traditional provides must diversify their offering and provides more courses online, especially targeting continuing professional development and lifelong learning. They should also be encouraged and incentivized to engage with newer forms of open, online courses as these become more established. The momentum towards openness and freely accessible education resources needs to be maintained and built ion. The goals should be to ensure that all publicly funded education resources are openly available

Laizer Edwin n Baprm 42691

Digital Has Changed the Way we Communicate

The dynamics of communication change in cyberspace; people are more open and do not use as many filters as they would in face-to-face communications. Sometimes people share very personal things about themselves. [On the other hand] out spills rude language, harsh criticisms, anger, hatred, even threats. This feeling of over-familiarity confers undue credulity and equality on even the most pedestrian of bloggers. No one knows your credentials or lack thereof, so you are taken as seriously as everyone else.

How can businesses stand out in what is now considered to be an equal playing field where everyone and anyone can create a website or blog, and say what they want? Perhaps they can take a lesson from the way today’s celebrities, who are learning to interact with their fans in a whole new way. “Prior to computers, magazines and cinema were the sole outlets influencing your perception of beauty. Now, Stars lives are chronicled on a daily basis thanks to Twitter, blogs, online magazines and other easily attainable media, creating an almost intimate relationship between the public and the stars. While stars and celebrity fan sites may be focused on perceptions of gossip, beauty and popularity, business managers can use these very same outlets to build similar, almost intimate relationships with the consuming public.

Our Sense of Self-Identity is changing

Online capabilities allow people to take on virtually any personality or body form. There are Avatar representations of who you ‘are,’ but you can change them as you wish. This flexibility of personality makes it possible for celebrities to occupy multiple identities at once (such as Beyonce/Sasha Fierce), and for multiple people and graphics to occupy the same identity or role/function, similar to the Lara Croft, the pope, and kings.

This blurring of the individual, cultural, and societal lines makes managing and marketing even more challenging in the 21st century. McLuhan recognized how our society had changed radically with the introduction of the visual language of writing and the further widespread impact following the introduction of the printing press. Recently, we have faced another revolution of communication, the digital age. But even he might have difficulty formulating an effective approach to today’s employees, business colleagues and consumers.

Building upon the evolution from quill pen and printing press to cyberspace, what is today’s business managers to do to maneuver this revolution of technology, communication, and identity in order to appeal to their target audience? They could rely on the skills of anthropologists and ethnographers to help them understand the cultural changes in society, and their business sensibilities, advising them accordingly to adapt.

           

By charles kulwa n reg no 42688

Network society and communication technology

A network society is a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics based information and communication technologies. By social structures you know the organization arrangements of human in relations of production, consumption, reproduction experience, and power expressed in a meaningful communication coded by culture. Network is a set of interconnected nodes. 

A node is the point where the curve intersects itself. A network has no centre, just nodes. Nodes may be of varying relevance for the network. Nodes increase their importance for the networks by absorbing more relevant information, and processing it more effectively. The relative importance of a node does not stem from its specific features but from its ability to contribute to the networks goals. However, all nodes of a network are necessary for the networks performance. 

When nodes become redundant or useless, networks tend to recon figurate themselves, deleting some nodes, and adding new ones. Communication networks are the patterns of contact that created by flows of message among communications through time and space ( Monge and contactors 2003) so, network process flows. Flows are streams of information between nodes circulating through the channels of connection between nodes. A network is defined by the program that assigns the network its goals and its rule of performance. 

This program is made of codes that include valuation of performance and criteria for success or failure. to alter the outcomes of the network a new program (a set of compatible codes) will have to be installed in the network from outside the network. Network cooperates or compete with each other. Cooperation is based on the ability to communicate between networks. 

This ability depends on the existence of codes of translation and inter operability between the networks (protocol of communication), and on access to connection points (switches). Competition depends on the ability to outperform other networks by superior efficiency in performance or in cooperation capacity. Competition may also take a destructive form by disrupting the switchers of competing networks and or interfering with their communication protocols. 

Networks work on a binary logic: inclusive /exclusive within the networks, distance between nodes tends to zero, as networks follow the logic of small worlds, properties, they are able to connect to the entire network and communicated  networks from any node in the networks, on the condition of sharing protocols of communication. Between nodes in the network and outside the network, distance is infinite, since there is no access unless the program of the network is changed. Thus, networks are self reconfigurable, complex structures of communication that ensure the unity of the purpose and the flexibility of its execution, by the capacity to adapt to the operating environment.

Networks however are not specific to 21^st century societies or for that matter, to human organization. Networks constitute the fundamental pattern of life, of all kinds of life. As fritjof capra writs ‘’ the networks is pattern that is common to all life., wherever we see life, we see networks ( 2002)

By charles kulwa n reg no 42688

Network society and communication technology

A network society is a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics based information and communication technologies. By social structures you know the organization arrangements of human in relations of production, consumption, reproduction experience, and power expressed in a meaningful communication coded by culture. Network is a set of interconnected nodes. 

A node is the point where the curve intersects itself. A network has no centre, just nodes. Nodes may be of varying relevance for the network. Nodes increase their importance for the networks by absorbing more relevant information, and processing it more effectively. The relative importance of a node does not stem from its specific features but from its ability to contribute to the networks goals. However, all nodes of a network are necessary for the networks performance. 

When nodes become redundant or useless, networks tend to recon figurate themselves, deleting some nodes, and adding new ones. Communication networks are the patterns of contact that created by flows of message among communications through time and space ( Monge and contactors 2003) so, network process flows. Flows are streams of information between nodes circulating through the channels of connection between nodes. A network is defined by the program that assigns the network its goals and its rule of performance. 

This program is made of codes that include valuation of performance and criteria for success or failure. to alter the outcomes of the network a new program (a set of compatible codes) will have to be installed in the network from outside the network. Network cooperates or compete with each other. Cooperation is based on the ability to communicate between networks. 

This ability depends on the existence of codes of translation and inter operability between the networks (protocol of communication), and on access to connection points (switches). Competition depends on the ability to outperform other networks by superior efficiency in performance or in cooperation capacity. Competition may also take a destructive form by disrupting the switchers of competing networks and or interfering with their communication protocols. 

Networks work on a binary logic: inclusive /exclusive within the networks, distance between nodes tends to zero, as networks follow the logic of small worlds, properties, they are able to connect to the entire network and communicated  networks from any node in the networks, on the condition of sharing protocols of communication. Between nodes in the network and outside the network, distance is infinite, since there is no access unless the program of the network is changed. Thus, networks are self reconfigurable, complex structures of communication that ensure the unity of the purpose and the flexibility of its execution, by the capacity to adapt to the operating environment.

Networks however are not specific to 21^st century societies or for that matter, to human organization. Networks constitute the fundamental pattern of life, of all kinds of life. As fritjof capra writs ‘’ the networks is pattern that is common to all life., wherever we see life, we see networks ( 2002)

By Charles kulwa n reg no 42688

Representation of digital age 

Presentation of self in every life is a constant process of negotiation. From the perspective of Goffman dramaturgical metaphor, human perform themselves in an embodied response to their world watching them. Using physical and verbal cues, the audience construct their own readings and of the actors intentional and unintentional – message based on what the actor give off. The performance of self becomes a feedback loop that creates socially legible relationships within the context of a larger community

In computer mediated communication (CMC) the performance of identity occur primary not the through direct experience of the body but within the constraints of digital representations constructed by interactive system. To compensate for the loss of physical presence, people have had to create new ways of reading the signals presented by others, and new ways to present themselves.

Social scenarios

The body operates as a rich site for information. As we pass through the world, we give off information about cultural identity, (ethnicity, sex, age) social class, individual personality (through dress or physical alterations) and psychological state (through movement and tone of voice). These cues help others determine the appropriate modes of interaction with us

As a representation of an individual, the body also operates a cue from memory. While other may build mental modes of people, the body often operates as the connection between that mental model and the individual, allowing the others to remember past interactions. An individual reputation may be stored in one memory and connected with the mental modes of that individual, but the physical appearance of the body connects the individual to the reputation

 Consider physical social settings, such as a pub, in the united states, the bouncer must check a legal identifying document to confirm that potential patron is over 21

Physical and digital sites of presentation

Lacking immediate physical presence, social practices based on software enable visual or textual representations are used as substitutes.  Email address, mobile phone numbers and other CMC handles are the most widespread substitutes for the body. Through them we construct social narratives about current and previous interactions with interlocutors, likewise, the country and are code of one’s mobile phone transmit information about one’s choice of geographical identity.

Form of self representation, people go to great efforts to construct textual or visual portraits that reveal carefully chosen aspects of their identity. Graphics avatars are used within online games and chatrooms to act out the intentions of their creators. With the increased popularity online dating services, form based profiles have emerged as another site of representation.

People create elaborate homepages in order to broadcast information about their interest, values and   activities. As constantly updated revelations of self, journals and blogs move beyond homepage creates to a portrait of the creator’s interest and social relationships over time. Through live journal friend list, blog roll and linked list of friends on site such as friendster, digital representations of self are affected by the placement of the creator within a social network

HOW ATTITUDE AFFECT OUR LIFE.

Jackson Aneth BAPRM 42565.

Your attitude is a powerful sentiment. It affects every part of your life self image, relationships, business, and even your health.

Definition of Attitude.
A simple definition of attitude is a person’s feeling or emotion toward a fact or situation. It’s a person’s mental outlook on circumstances; one’s temperament, mood, or viewpoint.

People tend to think that there are only two kinds of attitudes positive and negative.

 but really there are many. Here are just a few. friendly or reserved, confident or insecure, cheerful or depressing, compassionate or callous, determined or indecisive, peaceful or destructive, appreciative or ungrateful. It’s easy to see that all can be classified as either positive or negative and that they will truly identify who you are.

Attitude is a key component in defining one’s personality. Your attitudes affect how people see you whether they like or dislike you, whether they want to be around you or avoid you. It affects their viewpoint about you how they respond to you whether you gain or lose influence with them.

Your attitude is reflected through the tone of your voice, the expression on your face, your body language and the courtesy or lack thereof extended to others.

Good and Bad Attitudes Think of someone you know who always seems to have a good attitude. Who immediately comes to mind? How do you feel about this person? Is this someone you enjoy being around? Is this someone you would hire if you were an employer? Is this someone you would buy something from if he or she were selling something you needed? Now think about someone who always seems to have a bad attitude.

Who do you immediately think about? How do you feel about this person? Is this someone you enjoy being around? Does this person give you energy or draw energy from you? If you were having a party, would you invite this person? How likely would you be to embrace any idea that comes out of his or her mouth? Your Attitude is a Choice Your attitude is a choice and that choice is 100% within your control.

Just know that the choice you make will influence every aspect of your life. Let me encourage you to begin looking at what’s good in your life and not what’s bad. If you are going through a difficult period, remember your attitude can make your life even worse or it can be the catalyst to turning your life around.

1.Learn From Your Failures If you have experienced some recent failures, learn what you can and then force yourself to stop thinking about them. Continuing to think about mistakes you’ve made will affect your self esteem, self confidence, and ultimately your attitude.

We all make mistakes. I have made hundreds of them. Everyone slips and stumbles somewhere along the way. But your success does not depend on how often you fall. It depends on how often you get up and try again and on how much you learn from each experience.

2.Stop Complaining Perhaps most importantly, stop complaining. You certainly do not attract others. Most people don’t want to be around those who complain. You can’t change the situation by whining. You don’t make any progress or improve your circumstances by moaning and groaning.

 I can’t think of one positive result that comes from complaining. Begin to Enjoy Doing What You Don’t Enjoy If you find yourself struggling to keep a positive attitude at your job, begin to enjoy doing what you don’t currently enjoy. Make it fun. Look for the positives.

3.Look at how you can grow yourself through what would normally be unpleasant experiences. People’s respect grows for a person who has a positive attitude when it would be easy to have the opposite. Self Evaluation So, let me ask you to be honest with yourself and evaluate your attitude.

If your family, friends and co workers were to describe your attitude, what would they say? Starting NOW, I want to challenge you to become aware of your attitude and it’s affect on your life and those around you.

By charles kulwa n reg no 42688

 Creative industries

The creative industries refers to a range of economic activities which are concerned with the generation or exploration of Knowledge and information. they may variously also be referred to as the cultural industries ( especially in Europe ( Hesmondhalgh 2002) and most recently have been denominated as the orange economy in Latin America and the Caribbean

Howkins creative economy comprises advertising, architecture, art, crafts. Design, fashion, film, music, performing arts, publishing, R&D software, toys and games. tv and radio and video games

Howkins (2001) some scholar’s consider that educations industry, including public and private services is informing a part of creative industry

There creative industry have been seen to become increasi9ngly important to economic well-being proponents suggesting that human creativity is the ultimate economic resources( Florida 2002) and that the industry of the twenty first century will depend increasingly on the generation of knowledge through creative and innovation ( Landry & Biachini 1995)

Various commentators have provided suggestion on what activities to include of creative industries( DCMS 2001) and the name itself has become a contested issue with significant different and overlap between the terms creative industries , cultural industries and the creative economy ( Hemonmdalgh 2002)

Lash and Urry suggest that each creative industries has an irreducible n core concerned with the exchange of finance for rights in intellectual property ( larry & urry 1994)

How creative workers are counted

The dcsms are classifies enterprises and occupations as creative according to what the enterprise primary produces and what the worker primary does , thus a company which produces records would be used to count the number of firms ,and the number of workers, creatively employed in any given location, and hence to identify places worth particularly high concentration of creative activities.

The primary purpose of this is to quantify – for example it can be used to count the number of firms , and the number of workers , creatively employed in any given location and hence to i9dntify [places with particular high concentration of creative activity

Property or characteristics of creative industries

According to caves (2000), creative industries are characterized by seven economic properties

Nobody knows principle

Demands uncertainty exist be4casue the consumers reaction to a product are neither known beforehand, nor easily understood afterwards

Art for sake: workers care input originality, technical professional skill, harmony. Of creative goods are willing to settle for lower wages than offered by Humndrum jobs

Motley crew principle. For relatively complex creative products for example films. The production requires diversely skill inputs. each skilled inputs must be present and perform a some minimum level to produce a valuable outcome

Infinitive variety. Products are differentiated by quality and uniqueness, each product is a distinct combination of inputs leading to infinite variety options for example works of creative writings, whether poetry, novel, screenplays or otherwise

A list / b list skills are vertically differentiated , artist are ranked on their skills, originality and proficiency in creative process and or product small difference in skill and talent may yield huge in skill and talent may yield huge differences in financial success

Time files

When coordinating complex projects with diversely skilled inputs, time is of the essence

Arts longa. Some creative products have durability aspects that invoke copyright protection, allowing a creator or performance to collect rents

The properties described by caves. Have been criticised n for being too rigid ( Towse, 2000)n not all creative workers are purely driven by art for sake . The ars lo0nga property also holds for certain non-creative products such licensed [product. The time files property also holds for large construction projects. Creative industries’ are therefore not unique, but they score generally higher on these properties relative to non-creative industries